第七章 失败者(第9/9页)

总而言之,第三世界的大多数人民尚未从西方那种巨大、空前的进步中获得多少好处。西方进步只是对他们古老生活方式的破坏,他们也只是把它视为不具现实基础的可能榜样,视为那些戴着怪帽、穿着长裤,来自遥远国家或只在大城市出现的红脸汉子,为了他们自己而创造出来的东西。这些进步不属于他们的世界,他们大多数人仍怀疑他们是否需要这种进步。但为维护古老方式而抵制进步的人终于败北。人们拿起进步武器抵制(西方)进步的时机尚未到来。

[1] Erskine May, op. cit., I, p.29.

[2] J. W. Kaye, A History of the Sepoy War in India (1870), II, pp.402-3.

[3] Bipan Chandra, Rise and Growth of Economic Nationalism in India (Delhi 1966), p.2.

[4] Chandra, op. cit.

[5] E. R. J. Owen, Cotton and the Egyptian Economy 1820-1914 (Oxford 1969), p.156.

[6] Nikki Keddie, An Islamic Response to Imperialism (Los Angeles 1968), p.18.

[7] Hu Sheng, Imperialism and Chinese Politics (Peking 1955), p.92.

[8] Jean A. Meyer in Annales E.S.C. 25, 3 (1970), pp.796-7.

[9] Karl Marx, ‘British Rule in India’, New York Daily Tribune (June 25 1853) (Werke, IX, p.129).

[10] B. M. Bhatia, Famines in India (London 1967), pp.68-97.

[11] Ta Chen, Chinese Migration with Special Reference to Labor Conditions (US Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington 1923).

[12] N. Sanchez Albornoz, ‘Le Cycle vital annuel en Espagne 1863-1900’, Annales E.S.C. 24, 6 (November-December 1969); M. Emerit, ‘Le Maroc etl’’ Europe jusqu’en 1885’, Annales E.S.C. 20, 3 (May-June 1965).

[13] P. Leroy-Beaulieu, L’Atgérie et la Tunisie, 2nd ed. (Paris 1897), p.53.

[14] Almanach de Gotha 1876.